Gitlab安装
GitLab简介
GitLab 是一个用于仓库管理系统的开源项目。使用Git作为代码管理工具，并在此基础上搭建起来的web服务。可通过Web界面进行访问公开的或者私人项目。它拥有与Github类似的功能，能够浏览源代码，管理权限和注释。可以管理团队对仓库的访问，它非常易于浏览提交过的版本并提供一个文件历史库。团队成员可以利用内置的简单聊天程序(Wall)进行交流。它还提供一个代码片段收集功能可以轻松实现代码复用。
常用的网站：
官网：https://about.gitlab.com/
国内镜像：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/
安装环境：
1、CentOS 6或者7
2、2G内存（实验）生产（至少4G）
3、安装包：gitlab-ce-10.2.2-ce
4、禁用防火墙，关闭selinux
https://about.gitlab.com/installation/ # git官网
[root@git ~]# yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server # 安装依赖
#上传gitlab安装包
下载方式可通过国内清华源gitlab-ce社区版本下载
[root@git ~]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 39 Nov 16 15:04 git_data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 389758391 Aug 22 2018 gitlab-ce-10.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
#rpm安装，发现缺少依赖
[root@git ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-10.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-10.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
policycoreutils-python is needed by gitlab-ce-10.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64
#安装依赖之后再次安装
[root@git ~]# yum install -y policycoreutils-python
[root@git ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb # gitlab 配置文件
更改url地址为本机IP地址 external_url 'http://10.0.0.100'
# 更改配置文件后需重新配置
[root@git ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
/opt/gitlab/ # gitlab的程序安装目录
/var/opt/gitlab # gitlab目录数据目录
/var/opt/gitlab/git-dfata # 存放仓库数据
gitlab-ctl status # 查看目前gitlab所有服务运维状态
gitlab-ctl stop # 停止gitlab服务
gitlab-ctl stop nginx # 单独停止某个服务
gitlab-ctl tail # 查看所有服务的日志
Gitlab的服务构成：
nginx： #静态web服务器
gitlab-workhorse: #轻量级的反向代理服务器
logrotate： #日志文件管理工具
postgresql： #数据库
redis： #缓存数据库
sidekiq： #用于在后台执行队列任务（异步执行）。（Ruby）
unicorn：An HTTP server for Rack applications，GitLab Rails应用是托管在这个服务器上面的。（Ruby Web Server,主要使用Ruby编写）
#通过浏览器输入IP地址进行访问gitlab
使用默认用户登录： root
密码： 12345678
7. Gitlab使用
01. 外观配置
02. Gitlab汉化配置
1、下载汉化补丁
git clone https://gitlab.com/xhang/gitlab.git
2、查看全部分支版本
git branch -a
3、对比版本、生成补丁包
git diff remotes/origin/10-2-stable remotes/origin/10-2-stable-zh > ../10.2.2-zh.diff
4、停止服务器
gitlab-ctl stop
5、打补丁
patch -d /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails -p1 < /tmp/10.2.2-zh.diff
6、启动和重新配置
gitlab-ctl start
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
03. 注册限制
04. 创建用户及组
05. 创建用户
06. 把用户添加到组
07. 创建项目
返回首页，进入项目
#删除github的仓库
[root@git ~/git_data]# git remote remove origin
[root@git ~/git_data]# git remote
#添加gitlab的远程仓库，进行代码上传
[root@git ~/git_data]# git remote add origin git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
[root@git ~/git_data]# git push -u origin master
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.100 (10.0.0.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:6gbyCCIw3zFuNSUR2Y7UOG8fbSrj/BVUaeXwllvrGXM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:95:10:02:7c:71:73:c6:4a:b2:f9:d8:88:5d:4a:3d:e0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Counting objects: 17, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Writing objects: 100% (17/17), 1.25 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 17 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
[new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
08. 推送代码到Gitlab
[root@git ~/git_data]# echo oldboy >>a.txt
[root@git ~/git_data]# git add .
[root@git ~/git_data]# git commit -m "create a.txt"
[master a5c15de] create a.txt
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 a.txt
[root@git ~/git_data]# git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 4, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 289 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
0924a70..a5c15de master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
#刷新Gitlab仓库
09. 开发推送代码到Gitlab
#给其创建dev用户，并给其分配到项目组，然后进行登录
#克隆一台服务器，作为开发人员使用，并进行生成密钥文件，进行密钥认证
[root@dev ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:qx5BldjQ4qy+HTSH9zpg8nVQqJDNP/M8gfq/4k+E09c root@dev
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| +.=.o |
| o =.= . |
| +.+ o |
| .+. o. . |
| .=.S o.. E |
| o.+=.==. |
| . +o+..o. |
| ...++o |
| .o+.o=+. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@dev ~]# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDa4HBEOk10oode36lPcrybpjK++3bsjbaO67CjzY9S8w2WbAFfsVUwM+Hz8uRlehfjiCxuXF/oQgK2TATDdVYw89CrUMMmjuR1nRKKslA/Xhj0XxIjtUY+86UpVYp0t3963mmHrvoe45DTHYHIQqHEP8FM1fi5T6EzYrVhWFmmjqQYbVYQL+4oHwJBsCvQ4XZ6PCgTBlw2D8s1jk2Sx2vTsPLURA/+iL7WqzM5bGQLcAP5R3yG09v5O0+C/RLIHMw/qY54DaxVGTXhs0PnrfQhdzlUcKREsGkF7Ya3khyfss1jY+/QslS3Y6be9s8sfBKuWwx3Llob2nkgKiZOpQ+5 root@dev #复制其公钥
#进行将代码克隆下来，进行更改
[root@dev ~]# git clone git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
Cloning into 'git_test'...
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.100 (10.0.0.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:6gbyCCIw3zFuNSUR2Y7UOG8fbSrj/BVUaeXwllvrGXM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:95:10:02:7c:71:73:c6:4a:b2:f9:d8:88:5d:4a:3d:e0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 20, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done.
remote: Total 20 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (20/20), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.
[root@dev ~]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 52 Nov 17 17:21 git_test
[root@dev ~]# ll git_test/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16 Nov 17 17:21 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Nov 17 17:21 a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 17 17:21 test
#修改代码
[root@dev ~]# cd git_test/
[root@dev ~/git_test]# echo dev01 >> a
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git commit -am "dev01 add a"
Please tell me who you are.
Run
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.
fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'root@dev.(none)')
#配置邮件及用户信息
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git config --global user.email "dev@example.com"
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git config --global user.name "dev01"
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git commit -am "dev01 add a"
[master 6cc6aff] dev01 add a
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
#推送到远程仓库
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 305 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
a5c15de..6cc6aff master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
10. 分支保护
#创建一个dev分支
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git branch dev
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git push -u origin dev
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: To create a merge request for dev, visit:
remote: http://10.0.0.100/OPS/git_test/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=dev
remote:
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
[new branch] dev -> dev
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
#登录root用户，进行分支保护
11. 代码合并
#清除旧的分支，创建新的分支，并切换
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git branch -d dev
Deleted branch dev (was 6cc6aff).
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git checkout -b dev
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git branch
dev
master
#推送到远程仓库
[root@dev ~/git_test]# git push -u origin dev
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 311 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: To create a merge request for dev, visit:
remote: http://10.0.0.100/OPS/git_test/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=dev
remote:
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
6cc6aff..315f127 dev -> dev
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
#dev分支上面有a文件的最新信息，而master中没有
进行合并分支
登录root用户进行处理请求
12. Git-gui安装
修改代码
8. Gitlab备份与恢复
对gitlab进行备份将会创建一个包含所有库和附件的归档文件。对备份的恢复只能恢复到与备份时的gitlab相同的
版本。将gitlab迁移到另一台服务器上的最佳方法就是通过备份和还原。
gitlab提供了一个简单的命令行来备份整个gitlab，并且能灵活的满足需求。
备份文件将保存在配置文件中定义的backup_path中，文件名为TIMESTAMP_gitlab_backup.tar,TIMESTAMP为备份时的时间戳。TIMESTAMP的格式为：EPOCH_YYYY_MM_DD_Gitlab‐version。如果自定义备份目录需要赋予git权限。
01. 备份
#配置文件中加入
[root@git ~/git_data]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitlab_rails['manage_backup_path'] = true #开启备份
gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = '/data/backup/gitlab' #备份目录
gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644 #生成的备份文件权限
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800 #备份保留的时间（以秒为单位，这是七天默认值）
[root@git ~/git_data]# mkdir /data/backup/gitlab
[root@git ~/git_data]# chown ‐R git.git /data/backup/gitlab
#完成后执行下面命令进行生效
[root@git ~/git_data]# gitlab‐ctl reconfigure
#手动备份
[root@git ~/git_data]# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
#检查结果
[root@git ~/git_data]# ll /data/opt/gitlab/
total 112
-rw-r--r-- 1 git git 112640 Nov 17 18:22 1573986174_2019_11_17_10.2.2_gitlab_backup.tar
自动备份需要写一个备份脚本及定时任务
#Gitlab恢复操作
Gitlab只能还原到与备份文件相同的gitlab版本。
#误删除数据
[root@git ~/git_test]# rm -rf ./
#提交推送
[root@git ~/git_test]# git commit -am "add 123 "
[master 35ef629] add 123
3 files changed, 8 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 a
delete mode 100644 a.txt
delete mode 100644 test
[root@git ~/git_test]# git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (1/1), done.
Writing objects: 100% (2/2), 182 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 2 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
02250b6..35ef629 master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
02. 恢复
#停止相关服务
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
ok: down: unicorn: 0s, normally up
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
ok: down: sidekiq: 1s, normally up
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-ctl status
run: gitaly: (pid 78774) 15714s; run: log: (pid 78466) 15758s
run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 78790) 15713s; run: log: (pid 78565) 15746s
run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 78762) 15714s; run: log: (pid 78419) 15776s
run: logrotate: (pid 106694) 1364s; run: log: (pid 78447) 15764s
run: nginx: (pid 78432) 15770s; run: log: (pid 78431) 15770s
run: node-exporter: (pid 78515) 15752s; run: log: (pid 78514) 15752s
run: postgres-exporter: (pid 78818) 15712s; run: log: (pid 78692) 15728s
run: postgresql: (pid 78190) 15819s; run: log: (pid 78189) 15819s
run: prometheus: (pid 78806) 15713s; run: log: (pid 78646) 15734s
run: redis: (pid 78130) 15825s; run: log: (pid 78129) 15825s
run: redis-exporter: (pid 78626) 15740s; run: log: (pid 78625) 15740s
down: sidekiq: 8s, normally up; run: log: (pid 78402) 15782s
down: unicorn: 20s, normally up; run: log: (pid 78363) 15788s
#Gitlab的恢复操作会先将当前所有的数据清空，然后再根据备份数据进行恢复
[root@git ~/git_test]# ll /data/opt/gitlab/
total 112
-rw------- 1 git git 112640 Nov 17 18:22 1573986174_2019_11_17_10.2.2_gitlab_backup.tar
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1573986174_2019_11_17_10.2.2
#启动gitlab
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 78774) 16168s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 78790) 16167s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 78762) 16168s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 106694) 1818s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 78432) 16224s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 78515) 16206s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 78818) 16166s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 78190) 16273s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 78806) 16167s
ok: run: redis: (pid 78130) 16279s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 78626) 16194s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 109932) 1s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 109939) 0s
#检查是否恢复成功
[root@git ~/git_test]# gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true
#web界面数据已经恢复，从新克隆到本地
[root@git ~]# git clone git@10.0.0.100:OPS/git_test.git
Cloning into 'git_test'...
remote: Counting objects: 27, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done.
remote: Total 27 (delta 1), reused 27 (delta 1)
Receiving objects: 100% (27/27), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.
[root@git ~/git_test]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Nov 17 19:00 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Nov 17 19:00 a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 17 19:00 test
