手把手搭建Nginx日志高级监控 —— 基于Loki + Promtail + Grafana
参考官方文档：
Loki: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/
Grafana Loki V2 Dashboard for Nginx https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12559?pg=dashboards&plcmt=featured-main
日志收集效果截图：
1. Loki + Promtail简介
官网有说明。
简单理解，
Loki是个日志监控系统，可用来分析日志，并提供给Grafana进行图形化展示。
Promtail是个日志转发的代理，用于给Loki提供日志数据的。
2. Loki + Promtail下载并安装启动
wget https://github.com/grafana/loki/blob/main/cmd/loki/loki-local-config.yaml -O loki-config.yaml
docker run --name loki -v $(pwd):/mnt/config -p 3100:3100 grafana/loki:2.1.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/loki-config.yaml
wget https://github.com/grafana/loki/blob/main/clients/cmd/promtail/promtail-docker-config.yaml -O promtail-config.yaml
docker run --name promtail -v $(pwd):/mnt/config -v /usr/local/nginx/logs:/usr/local/nginx/logs grafana/promtail:2.1.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/promtail-config.yaml脚本来自官网，容器启动后先停止，然后修改配置文件
3. 修改Nginx配置
log_format json_analytics '{'
'"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution
'"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number
'"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection
'"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid
'"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id
'"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body)
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP
'"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username
'"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port
'"time_local": "$time_local", '
'"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format
'"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request
'"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request
'"args": "$args", ' # args
'"status": "$status", ' # response status code
'"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client
'"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client
'"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer
'"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent
'"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for
'"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header
'"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request
'"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution
'"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests
'"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS
'"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers
'"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body
'"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length
'"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable
'"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol
'"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher
'"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https
'"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method
'"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0
'"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise
'"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", '
'"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray"'
'}';
access_log logs/json_access.log json_analytics;这一步是将Nginx输出的日志文件进行格式化
4. 修改Promtail配置
server:
http_listen_port: 0
grpc_listen_port: 0
positions:
filename: /tmp/positions.yaml
clients:
- url: http://172.17.0.4:3100/loki/api/v1/push # Loki日志推送地址
scrape_configs:
- job_name: system
#pipeline_stages:
#- replace:
# expression: '(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}([0-9]{1,3})'
# replace: '***'
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost # 根据官方文档，这里只能是localhost
labels:
job: nginx_access_log
agent: promtail
__path__: /usr/local/nginx/logs/json_access.log # 需要上传的日志地址。5. 重启Loki+Promtail容器
docker restart loki
docker restart promtail6. 配置Grafana数据源
7. 配置Grafana模版
模版ID：12559
非常装逼，非常热门
导入方法与本博客多篇日志收集Grafana导入方法相同
8. 查看面板
插件因素显示不全请自行安装，grafana-cli plugins install *
9. 可查看指标
- 总请求量
- 状态码 2xx,3xx,5xx请求量
- 流量情况
- 请求明细
- 百分之95请求响应时间
- 最大请求IP
- 最大请求路径
10. 国家面板
Country面板无数据，是因为Grafana没有地图面板插件，且Nginx默认没有开启国家城市过滤。
文章最下面进行操作
11. 资源消耗
就这资源消耗，还要啥自行车？要啥ELK？
Ngin添加GeoIP模块
1.1 停止现有Nginx
./nginx -s stop1.2 带GeoIP重新编译Nginx
1.2.1 下载GeoIP依赖
sudo apt install libgeoip1 libgeoip-dev geoip-bingithub文档如下
1.2.2 进入nginx/sbin目录查看现有nginx模块依赖
./nginx -V
如上图，将红线位置拷贝，用于添加模块重新编译
1.2.3 添加geoip模块重新编译
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-file-aio \
--with-http_realip_module --with-http_geoip_module --add-module=/usr/local/nginx-module-vts-mastermake && make install 1.2.4 执行命令，查看geoip是否编译成功
nginx -V带 --with-http_geoip_module 即编译成功
1.3. 查看GeoIP.dat位置
root@daicytest01:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# whereis GeoIP
GeoIP: /usr/include/GeoIP.h /usr/share/GeoIP
root@daicytest01:/usr/share/GeoIP# ls -al
total 10012
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 17 22:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 121 root root 4096 Feb 17 22:14 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2099217 Jan 23 2020 GeoIP.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8138841 Jan 23 2020 GeoIPv6.dat1.4. 修改nginx配置文件
# 添加国家模块配置
geoip_country /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat;1.5. 重启nginx
nginx -s reload 1.6. 查看大图
1.7. 监控日志支持正则匹配
root@daicytest01:/usr/local/nginx/logs# ls
access.log error.log json_access.log json_access.log.2021-02-17 nginx.pid
root@daicytest01:/usr/local/loki+promtail# vim promtail-config.yaml
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost
labels:
job: nginx_access_log
agent: promtail
__path__: /usr/local/nginx/logs/*json_access.log*