LVM添加硬盘并扩容至已有分区
LVM简介
LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（逻辑卷管理）的简写，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制。LVM将一个或多个磁盘分区（PV）虚拟为一个卷组（VG），相当于一个大的硬盘，我们可以在上面划分一些逻辑卷（LV）。当卷组的空间不够使用时，可以将新的磁盘分区加入进来。我们还可以从卷组剩余空间上划分一些空间给空间不够用的逻辑卷使用。
LVM模型如下：
LVM添加硬盘
新增一块硬盘，大小为200G，如下：
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom分区(fdisk方式，针对小型磁盘<2T)
⚠️fdisk方式或parted模式，选择一种即可，无需两个都做
# fdisk /dev/sdb #执行此命令，进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdf09eb6a.
Command (m for help): p #在此输入p
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf09eb6a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #在此输入n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #在此输入1
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): #回车
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): #回车
Using default value 419430399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #在此输入t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L #在此输入L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e #输入lvm类型的hex代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p #在此输入p
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdf09eb6a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 419430399 209714176 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.分区（parted模式，针对磁盘>2T）
⚠️fdisk方式或parted模式，选择一种即可，无需两个都做
# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt #将MBR分区形式转为GPT分区形式,parted只支持GPT形式
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdc will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes #Yes
(parted) mkpart sdc1 xfs 0 -1 #创建分区sdc1，文件系统类型为xfs，将整个磁盘都创建为一个分区
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore #Ignore
(parted) toggle 1 lvm #更换分区为LVM格式
(parted) quit #退出
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
# lsblk 创建物理卷PV
查看是否以分好区
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 200G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom创建物理卷
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.查看物理卷创建情况
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <39.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9983
Free PE 1
Allocated PE 9982
PV UUID jYS4Ia-7Hy9-2r9n-QGqg-Uw2I-B8D7-mQLcoR
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1 #这里是我们刚创建的物理卷
VG Name
PV Size <200.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID NGD0Ox-9ezO-vXk2-xlgo-VuqM-be8n-LBVxtj将物理卷PV加入卷组VG
查看卷组情况
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos #卷组的名称
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <39.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9983
Alloc PE / Size 9982 / 38.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID oIgyce-IO2t-FegU-Kgvb-n2Us-6K3u-rbJCdy将新的分区/dev/sdb1加入到卷组中，这里的卷组名为centos
# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended添加完成后再次查看卷组信息
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 238.99 GiB #可以看到容量已经增加了200G
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 61182
Alloc PE / Size 9982 / 38.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 51200 / 200.00 GiB
VG UUID oIgyce-IO2t-FegU-Kgvb-n2Us-6K3u-rbJCdy扩容已有分区
下面是对现有分区进行逻辑卷扩容，我们这里根分区为40G，我们准备扩容根分区 查看根分区的LV路径
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.9M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 1.7G 36G 5% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0或者通过lvdisplay一样可以查看，这里的路径为/dev/mapper/centos-root，下面进行扩容
# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 36.99 GiB (9470 extents) to 236.99 GiB (60670 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.查看扩容后的逻辑卷大小
# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/centos-root
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID tnXHPR-Abe6-BNL4-6EdH-bgZI-UgDM-BfCHrm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-09-23 17:31:21 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 236.99 GiB
Current LE 60670
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0然后使用xfs_groupfs进行在线调整xfs格式的文件系统大小
一般到上一步就可以扩容成功,终止操作了
#XFS文件系统执行下方命令
# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
#ext4文件系统执行
#resize2fs -p -F /dev/mapper/vg--data-lv--data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2424320 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9697280, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=4735, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9697280 to 62126080最后查看下根分区的大小是否扩容成功
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.9M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 237G 1.7G 236G 1% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/